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5. The operation of the existing fuel, water and electricity meters was checked. The accuracy of this equipment was the responsibility of the contractor. . 6. A job meeting of all pertinent York personnel was held each day in the field both prior to and after each test series. All collected Samples were carefully tagged and placed in containers for return to the laboratories. 7. EPA/York concurrent testing for Tests 7 and 8 was scheduled per EPA availability. The final schedule was commenced four weeks after the Start of tests one through six. D. Sequencing of Tests Test Nos. 1 through 5 were conducted in numerical order in a manner such that the incinerator was not used for the burning of refuse except during actual testing and in a manner such that refuse was charged into the incinerator by tenants during the time when no testing was being performed. Incinerator controls were disconnected on completion of the last sample to be burned each day to prevent the accidental occurrence of a fire within the incinerator. No fire occurred in the incinerator during non-testing periods. 11. TESTS PERFORMED A total of eight tests requiring the separate burning of 27 refuse samples were performed as summarized below: Test No. 1 - Charge Variation/Design Capacity-- was conducted with five (5) separate samples of refuse of similar and known composition charged into the incinerator at its design capacity (100 lb/hr). These tests were to have been conducted with the incinerator otherwise operated as normal, i.e., with the overfire air blower and primary and secondary gas burners on for the normally Programmed period of 30 minutes. However, in the actual operation of the incinerator, the secondary burner ran for a period of about 10 minutes each time prior to ignition of the primary burner which then ran automatically for a period of only approximately 20 minutes. Further, the overfire air blower was not wired for operation. Addi- tionally, the original contract specification required that particulate sampling be performed in two 30-minute intervals during each hour test, to obtain an assessment of particulate emission during smoldering of the refuse after the gas shuts down. This could not be done because of the problems attendant filter/probe changes during conduct of a test. However, to provide the assessment required, during the burning of samples two and five, particulate matter was sampled for a period of 30 minutes only.

Test No. 2 - Charge Variation/Tenant Charging Capacity-- was conducted with three (3) separate samples of refuse of similar and known composition charged into the incinerator on the basis of tenant charging rate (50 lb/hr) with the incinerator otherwise operated as described for Test No. | above. Test No. 3 - Charge Variation/Overdesign Capacity-- was conducted with three (3) separate samples of refuse of similar and known composition charged into the incinerator at a rate greater than design capacity (150 lb/hr) with the incinerator otherwise operated as described for Test No. | above. Test No. 4 - Overfire Air Variation-- was to be conducted with two (2) variations of overfire air supply (50% and 125%) of that normally programmed with the incinerator otherwise operated as described for Test No. | above. However, since the overfire air blower was not wired for operation, the damper located just upstream of the scrubber unit and before the induced draft fan was adjusted such that the cross sectional area open to flow was 50% and 125% of the normal setting. Test results indicate, however, that the air flow at the 125% setting did not differ significantly from normal air flow. It would appear that the system is normally operated at fan capacity. Test No. 5 - Fuel Supply Variation-- was conducted with two (2) variations of fuel supply (50% and 125% of that normally programmed) with refuse charged into the incinerator at its design capacity (100 1b/hr). Two (2) separate samples of similar and known composition were tested for each variation of auxiliary fuel. The fuel gas flow was adjusted by a needle valve located on the burner head. Turning of the set screw clockwise decreased gas flow; counterclockwise increased flow. The gas flow was determined by use of the five cubic foot per revolution scale on the gas meter. Test No. 6 - Charge Variation/Random-- was to be conducted at least twice during the day at the times the incinerator was normally programmed for operation (i.e., at 7:00 a.m. and 5:00 p.m.) and with the incinerator otherwise operated as described for Test No. 1 above. However, the bolts, which were used to secure the chute doors on each floor of the building and the garbage cans which were located at each chute door location, were not removed until 4:00 p.m. on Tuesday, 21 December 1971. Test No. 6 was scheduled to be performed on the following day and a normal burning cycle was programmed to commence at 10:00 p.m. Tuesday evening. The decision was made to shut the hydraulically operated door from the charging chute to the firebox at 10:00 p.m., a normally programmed time, so that all the garbage which was normally charged for the 10:00 p.m. run could be burned the next morning as the first sample and that garbage which was charged to the chute between 10:00 p.m. Tuesday night and 10:45 a.m. Wednesday morning was burned as the second sample. E-6

Test No. 7 - Simultaneous Sampling-- was conducted with three (3) separate samples of refuse of similar and known composition charged into the incinerator at its design capacity (100 lb/hr), with the incinerator otherwise operated as described for Test No. 1 above. Particulate emission rate was concurrently determined using ASME and EPA-APCO test methods specified in Article IV of the BRAB specifications. Test No. 8 - Simultaneous Testing-- was to be a duplicate of Test No. 7 except that the charging rate was to be 50 lb/hr. However, during the first sampling, the meter for the ASME test failed and the APCO test continued without Incident. The ASME test was subsequently repeated by itself and is labeled as Sample No. 4. lil. DATA COLLECTED A. Exhaust Gases Before Scrubber For each sample burned during Test No.'s | through 5, the fol lowing emissions were determined: | 1. Gas flow rate and temperature. 2. Particulate emission rate (Ib/hr/lb of refuse) .3. Particulate loading and size distribution. 4. CO (%). 5. CO, (%). 6. HC apen 7. Na (&). 8. HO (2%). 9. SO, (ppm). In addition to those specified above, during Test No.1], NO, was deter- mined during the burning of samples two and three, and NH3 was deter- mined during the burning of samples one and two. B. Exhaust Gases after Scrubber For each of Test No.'s 1 through 6, the following data was collected on the exhaust gases after the water scrubber: 1. Gas flow rate and temperature. 2. Particulate emission rate (lb/hr/lb of refuse). 3. Particulate loading and size distribution. 4, Maximum Ringelmann number for density and color. 5. Equivalent opacity. 6. 0, (2%) 10. H20 (2%) 7. CO (2) 11. CL (ppm) 8. CO, (%) 12. NO, (ppm) 9. No (%) 13. Hydrocarbons (ppm) E-]

In addition to the above, for Test No. 1, NH3 and odor were determined during the burning of all five samples; HC] was determined during the burning of samples two, three and four; and carbonyls, SOx, and alde- hydes were determined during the burning of samples one, two, and three. In addition to the above, for Test No. 2, carbonyls were determined during the burning of sample one, SOx during the burning of sample two, and aldehydes during the burning of sample three. In addition to the above, for Test No. 3, NH3 was determined during the burning of sample one, aldehydes were determined during the burning of sample two, and carbonyls were determined during the burning of sample three. In addition to the above, for Test No. 4, aldehydes and S0, were deter- mined during the burning of sample one, carbonyls were determined during the burning of sample three, and NH3 was determined during the burning of sample four. In addition to the above, for Test No. 5, aldehydes were determined during the burning of sample one, SOx was determined during the burning of sample two, carbonyls were determined during the burning of sample four, and NH3 was determined during the burning of sample four. In addition to the above, for Test No. 6, aldehydes were determined during the burning of sample one and carbonyls were determined during the burning of sample two. C. Utility Consumption For each refuse sample burned during Test No.'s 1 through 8; fuel gas, water, and electricity consumption were recorded. D. Fire Box Temperature and Percent Burn-out of Refuse Sample For each refuse sample burned during Test No.'s 1 through 6, fire box . temperature was determined, and each refuse sample burned during Test No.'s 1 through 5, burn-out of refuse sample in percent weight reduction was determined. E. Scrubber Water Scrubber water samples were taken at three times: (1) prior to the initiation of Test No. 1 and after the scrubber had been cleaned; (2) at the completion of Test No. 1; and (3) at the completion of Test No. 5. In each case, a one gallon sample was withdrawn into four 1! quart cleaned sterile bottles after scrubber water was stirred to obtain essentially a homogeneous mixture, covered, and taken immediately to the laboratory and refrigerated at approximately 40°F until they were ana- lyzed. No preservatives were added to the sample and each sample was analyzed for the following: E-8

1. Dissolved solids 7. Ammonia 2. Suspended solids 8. Phosphates 3. Total solids 9. pH 4, COD 10. Greases 5. BOD 11. Alkalinity 6. Nitrates F. Scrubber Sludge Scrubber sludge sample was taken only at the end of Test No. 5 (i.e., after all refuse samples required for Test No.'s 1] through 5 had been burned). The sample was taken by carefully draining scrubber water into the sewer after which approximately 1000 grams of wet sludge with Supernatant liquid was collected for laboratory analysis of the fol lowing: l. Acidity 5. Suspended 2. Greases 6. Settleability 3. Nitrogen (organic) 7. Sulphides 4, Residue (total and volatile) IV. TEST PROCEDURES A. Particulate Emission Rate For Test No.'s 1 through 5, both before and after the water scrubber, and for Test No. 6, after the water scrubber, particulate emission rates were sampled using the test procedures described by the National Air Pollution Control Administration (NAPCA), U.S. Public Health Service, in their publication ''Specifications for Incinerator Testing at Federal Facilities". For all samples burned, particulate emission weights were based on the aggregate of that collected in the filter and the impinger reported separately. For Test No.'s 7 and 8 particulate emission rates, and only particulate rates, were determined simultaneously using the previously identified NAPCA testing procedures and the test procedures outlined in ASME-PTC-27. Data was collected and reported as described above. The NAPCA train was run by EPA personnel. B. Particulate Loading For Test Nos. | through 5, both before and after the water scrubber, and for Test No. 6, after the water scrubber, particulate loading was to be measured using the method of Gruber and Shumann as presented at the 55th Annual Meeting of APCA, May 20-24, 1962. Since the tackiness of the adhesive surfaces of different sheets may vary significantly, the same paper sheet was used throughout the testing to obtain the greatest possible degree of correlation. E-9

Sampling jars were prepared as follows: strips of adhesive paper were cut into 2 x 10 inch sizes and wrapped around the outside of the jars with the sticky sides out. The backing was kept in place on the adhesive paper until the time of test. During the burning of sample one of Test No. 1 before the water scrubber, the sticky paper was burned during exposure to the flue gas. After review by personnel at the test site with the BRAB observer, the decision was made to discontinue further samplings by this method at the scrubber inlet. Sticky paper samples were taken at the scrubber outlet during the burning of each refuse sample of each test at the midpoint of each burn (between approximately 25 to 40 minutes after ignition). Exposure time was 60 seconds. Time into burn of sample when sticky paper was inser- ted was recorded as was the actual exposure time. Immediately after the samples were collected, they were placed in a closed container for transport to the laboratory. Extreme care was taken to avwid touching the adhesive on the stack surface during the testing. The microscopic particle counting of the exposed area of the adhesive Surface was made at a mignification of 15X. The number of particles per square inch was obtained by comparison with the Cincinnati Visual Standards, A-3. The number of particles per minute was calculated from the following equation: Particles per in.” x 60 x flue area (in.?) Exposure time in seconds Particulate size count was determined by micro and macro-scopic Observation of adhesive coated paper. For each sticky paper sample, the exposed area was examined and measured and the percent of the total exposed area occupied by particles 20 microns or greater. Table Vil summarizes the results of the sticky paper analysis for the scrubber outlet. Particle size distribution using an Anderson Sampler was not performed. The Anderson equipment owned by York was previously damaged, and new equipment could not be bought or borrowed in time to meet the test schedule. An alternate method of determining particle size was agreed upon by both the Project Officer and York Research Corporation. The samples were collected in two impingers containing 100 ml of distilled water each, and followed up by a membrane filter capable of collecting particulate down to 0.3 microns. The solutions and filter papers were returned to the laboratory and subsequently analyzed microscopically. C. Gaseous Emissions (whether before or after water scrubber) 1. Flow rate and temperature of exhaust gas were determined in accord- ance with the procedures specified in the Federal Register Vol. 36 No. 247 Appendix Section Method No. 1. E-10

2. Oxides of sulphur were determined in accordance with the procedures specified in Section 5.4.7 of the Los Angeles Source Testing Manual with two exceptions: a. The samples were aspirated directly into impingers rather than through a thimble then through impingers since space requirements ne- cessitated that all gas samples be manifolded from one probe to each gas sampling train. b. The gas meter was located downstream of the vacuum pump since it is a more accurate method of measuring the gas volume through the meter if the pump had been checked and is leak free. 3. Aldehydes were determined in accordance with the procedures speci- fied in Section 61303 of Regulation 3, Bay Area Pollution Control District with exception b as described in Section C-2 above. 4, Carbonyls were determined in accordance with procedures specified in Chapter 5 of Regulation 3, Bay Area Pollution Control District with exception b as described in Section C-2 above. 5. Hydrocarbons were determined in accordance with procedures speci- fied in Section 5.4.8.1 of the Los Angeles Source Testing Manual. 6. Oxides of nitrogen were determined in accordance with procedures specified in Section 5.4.5 of the Los Angeles Source Testing Manual. 7. Oxygen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and nitrogen were determined in accordance with procedures specified in the Federal Register Vol. 36, No. 247, Appendix Section Method No. 3. 8. Odor was determined in accordance with procedures specified in Section 6.1 of the Los Angeles Source Testing Manual. 9. Water vapor was determined in accordance with the procedures speci- fied in the Federal Register Vol. 36 No. 247, Appendix Section Method No. 5. 10. Hydrogen chloride and chloride ion was determined in accordance with the titrametric methods defined {in Chemical Analysis of Air Pollutants using sodium hydroxide solution. The grab sample of stack gas was gathered in a purged flask and sent immediately to the laboratory for analysis. 11. Ammonia was determined in accordance with procedures specified in Section 5.4.1 of the Los Angeles Source Testing Manual with exception b as described in Section C-2. D. Ringelmann Readings and Opacity E-1]

Ringelmann readings were obtained by visual comparison with a Micro Ringelmann Chart by trained observers. The readings were taken for five minutes at the beginning of the burning of samples and during the last 15 minutes of the sampling period. At any time during the burning of a sample, if a Ringelmann reading in excess of one was observed, it was documented with readings. All Ringelmann readings are expressed as maximum Ringelmann units and time into burn was recorded. Equivalent Opacity or obscuration index was measured and time of measurement after initiation of the burning cycle is reported. The peak values listed in Table VII! generally occurred at the beginning of a burn and over the duration of a test was less than one. E. Fuel Gas, Water and Electricity Consumption Fuel gas, water and electricity consumption was determined by reading meters already installed on the test incinerator. F. Fire Box Temperature Fire box temperatures were determined with thermocouple inserted not less than 18 nor more than 22 inches into the incinerator through the fire box door. Readings were taken continuously during the burning of refuse samples to plot temperature vs. time and identification of peak temperature directly onto a chart recorder. Only peak values have been included in this report. The charts are in the York files for reference. G. Percent Burn-Out At the completion of the burning of and data gathering on refuse samples, or when the residue was sufficiently cooled, the residue was removed from the firebox and undergrate, placed in tared metallic containers and weighed. Refuse sample residue of Test Nos. | through 5 were collected cumulatively in the metallic container and residue weight of individual samples determined by appropriate subtractions. H. Scrubber Water 1. Dissolved solids were determined In accordance with the procedures specified in Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Waste Water, 12th Edition, Part II11, Section A (p. 423). 2. Suspended solids were determined in accordance with procedures spe- cified in Part II1, Section D (p. 425) of the reference cited in (1) above. 3. Total solids were determined in accordance with procedures specified in Part II1, Section C (p. 424) of the reference cited in (1) above. 4. Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) was determined in accordance with pro- cedures specified in Part IV (p. 510) in the reference cited in (1) above.

5S. Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) was determined in accordance with procedures specified in Part ILI (p. 415) of the reference cited in (1) above. 6. Nitrates were determined in accordance with procedures specified in Part I! (p. 392) of the reference cited in (1) above. 7. Phosphates (total and poly) were determined in accordance with pro- cedures specified in Part 1, Section C (p. 236) of the reference cited in (1) above. 8. pH was determined in accordance with procedures specified in Part 11! (p. 422) of the reference cited in (1) above. 9. Grease was determined in accordance with procedures specified in Part II!, Section A (p. 384) of the reference cited in (1) above. 10. Alkalinity was determined in accordance with procedures specified in Part 11 (p. 369) of the reference cited in (1) above. 11. Ammonia was determined in accordance with procedures specified in Part 111, Section A (p. 389) of the reference cited in (1) above. |. Scrubber Sludge 1. Acidity was determined in accordance with the procedures specified in Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Waste Water, 12th Edition, Part V (p. 529). 2. Greases were determined in accordance with the procedures speci fied in Part V (p. 531) of the reference cited in (1) above. 3. Sulfides were determined in accordance with the procedures speci- fied in Part III, Section B (p. 427) of the reference cited in (1) above. 4, Organic nitrogen was determined in accordance with the procedures specified in Part V (p. 533) of the reference cited in (1) above. Ss. Residue (total and volatile) was determined in accordance with the procedures specified in Part V (p. 534) of the reference cited in (1) above. 6. Suspended matter and settleability was determined in accordance with the procedures specified in Part V (p. 540/541) of the reference cited in (1) above. V. Test Sample To assure a high degree of accuracy and uniformity, waste samples were composited at the York Research Laboratories. The materials used were E-13

taken from apartment houses, garbage dumps, junk yards and restaurant waste in the general area of the apartment building. The assembled waste was bought to York's Laboratories where It was separated and weighed out on laboratory balances in the proportions listed in the chart below. All the material except the organic was weighed out and sealed in heavy paper bags. The weight of material contained in each bag was the amount necessary for a 50 1b. charge. The organic material required for a 50 lb. charge was weighed out into a plastic bag tightly sealed to prevent moisture from escaping and stored In an environmental chamber at 37°F prior to transportation to the test site. REFUSE SAMPLES Refuse Material % by Weight Composited* Paper 32.0 Woods and Ceramics 2.0 Plastics 7.0 Rags 6.0 Glass 16.0 Metals 11.0 Organic Garbage 26.0 © © | * All refuse samples were composited within 1% of the percentage figures tabulated above. E-14

Vi. TEST RESULTS E-15

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TABLE Vil. PARTICLE SIZE BY STICKY PAPER METHOD--SCRUBBER OUTLET Time into Exposure ‘Test No./Sample Test Date Test (mins.) Time (seconds) _Count* WV) 12714771 G0 60 5000 2 12/14/71 25 60 3500 3 12/14/71 25 60 2000 4 12/14/71 25 60 <1000 5 12/15/71 1S , 60 1000 2/1 12715/71 25 60 <1000 2 12/15/71 27 60 <1000 3 12/15/71 26 60 3000 3/1 12/16/71 33 60 1000 2 12/16/71 35 60 2000 3 12/16/71 0 1000 4/| eT 33 60 3500 2 12/20/71 33 60 4000 3 12/20/71 28 60 <1000 _4 12/20/71 27 60 1000 s/) 12/21/71 32 60 1000. 2 12/21/71 25 60 <1000 3 12/21/71 26 60 1500 4 12/21/71 37 60 <1000 6/1 12/22/71 35 60 ~ <1000 2 12/22/71 32 60 2000 *Particles/sq. in. (over 20 microns) Cincinnati Visual Standards-A-3. TABLE VIII. PLUME OBSERVATIONS Time into Run Maximum Ringelmann Equivalent Test No./Sample (minutes) Density Color Opacity % 1/1) 15 2.0 Gray 40 2 15 2.0 Gray LO 3 10 2.0 Gray ho 4 10 2.0 Gray ho > 15 2.0 Gray 40 2/1) 10 2.0 Gray 40 2 15 2.0 Gray LO 3 20 2.0 _Gray 4O 3/1 10 2.0 Gray ho 2 10 2.0 Gray ho 3 5 2.9 __ Gray Lo 4/1 15 1.0 Gray 20 2 10 2.0 Gray 40 3 5 2.0 Gray LQ 4 5 2.0 Gray LO s/1 10 2.0 Gray ho 2 5 2.0 Gray 40 3 5 2.0 Gray LO 4 2 15 Gray 30 6/1 5 2.5 Gray 50 2 5 2.5 Gray 50 E-23

TABLE IX. UTILITY CONSUMPTION, FIRE BOX TEMPERATURE, RESIDUE WEIGHT AND PERCENT BURNOUT OF REFUSE Fi re-Box % Burn- Test No./ Fuel Gas Water Elec. Temp. Res idue out of Samp le (cfh) (gal) (KWHR) _(°F-Max) _Wt._ (Ibs) Re fuse 1/1 900 325 2 1030 62.5 47.5 2 940 353 3 990 39.8 60.2 3 920 318 2 755 47.6 52.4 4 950 313 3 1050 41.6 58.4 5 910 226 3 650 50.6 49.4 2/) 880 277 2 860 17.2 65.6 2 9 30 352 3 860 26.6 46.8 3 900 333 2 945 28. 3 43.4 3/1 950 Lhd 3 755 61.2 59.2 2 890 320 2 1050 62.1 58.6 3 900 311 2 1415 78.8 47.5 4/| 920 407 3 990 64.5 35.5 4/2 960 324 2 635 60.5 39.5 4/3 930. 234 4 370 99.7 0.3 4/k 910 319 3 975 37.3 62.7 5/1 830 299 3 1360 49.5 50.5 2 840 311 3 485 55.7 hh 3 3 960 236 3 1340 ho. 4 59.6 4 970 314 3 935 55.1 4h. 6/1 920 402 3 1700 NR NR 2 910 287 2 1275 NR NR 7/\ 900 380 3 2 920 371 3 3 900 46] 3 8/1 890 374 3 2 900 40] 4 3 930 383 3 F 910 346 3 NR = Not Required for sample E-24